Hydro Cyclones

The principle of operation of the hydro cyclone is when the suspension of fed forms a sort of primary vertex along the surface of the internal walls, classifying through the strangling of the cone, dragging the solid substances underflow. Most of the liquid and the remaining particles form a secondary vortex and the top part of the cyclone is as overflow. In the centre of the cyclone low pressure is formed that circumstantially introduces the pulp at a rotational increase of speed, the secondary vortex creates a very high centrifugal force that produces the separation of particles that are very efficient. As the centrifugal force becomes balanced in sizes of particles and specific weight, these then become sediment in the primary vortex and discharge through the cone. This sort of internal separation in a hydro cyclone is the same as a process that has two stages, whose cuts in the final point are determined by the speed of the secondary vortex, and this speed can be obtained in diverse ways:

• Utilizing more pressure at the entry
• Smaller diameter of the hydro cyclone
• Different dimensions and inclinations in the conic part

Equation:

For an ideal vortex, liquid without viscosity with friction 2e inches we have:

Vr = constant
Vo. R = Vx

Velocity at any radial distance is:

Vx = Vo r / x

Increase of angular velocity w:

V= rw

The vortex is described by the equation:

b = w2
bo = rwo2
bx = xwx2
bx = bo2 (r/x)2
bx = wo2 (r/x)2

This equation demonstrates that the centrifugal acceleration in the secondary vortex is higher than in the primary vortex in the opposite version to the scale of the radios. As a consequence: The internal vortex will determine the cut of separation.

Scheduling capabilities for the hydro cyclones

• 28 inches in diameter 6.0 meters water column 200 m3 per hour
• 12 inches in diameter 1.5 meters water column 40 m3 per hour
• 07 inches in diameter 0.5 meters water column 10 m3 per hour

Applications:

• Cleaning;
• Classification selection;
• Fractioning – pre concentration
• Cleaning of liquid by crosscurrent