Hydro cyclones

The principle of function of the hydro cyclone is when the suspension fed forms a type of primary vertices all along the surface of the internal wall, classifying by strangling of the cone, dragging the solid substances in UNDERFLOW.

The major part of the remaining liquids and particles form a secondary vortex, being the superior part of the cyclone as OVERFLOW.

In the center of the cyclone, a low pressure that circumstantially introduces the pulp to an increment of rotational velocity is formed; the secondary vortex generates a very high centrifuge strength which produces the separation of highly efficient particles.

In the measure that the strength of the centrifuge is balanced in sizes of particle and specific weight, these are sediment in the primary vortex and are discharged through the cone.

This form of internal separation of a hydro cyclone is the same as a process of two stages, whose cuts of final point are determined by the velocity of the secondary vortex and this speed is obtained by various forms:

Using more precision at the entrance;

Less diameter of hydro cyclone;

Different dimensions and inclinations of the conic part.

Helmhotz equation:
For an ideal vortex, liquid without viscosity with friction 2e” we have:

• Vr = constant
• Vo.r = Vx
• The velocity at whatever radial distance is:
• Vx = Vo r/x

Increase in angular velocity w:

• V = rw

The Helmhotz vortex is described by the equation which shows the centrifuge acceleration in the secondary vortex is higher than the one in the primary vortex in inverse reason to the radius squares.

As a consequence: the internal vortex will determine the cut of separation.